Sarah Marzen
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  • Main
  • People
  • Contact
  • Google Scholar
  • Random ruminations
  • Research Program
  • Conferences, Workshops, and Working Groups
  • Teaching

Random musings

Stray thoughts on my research, related research, education research, and sweeping commentaries on entire fields
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Finding bispectrum in transformers

8/27/2025

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Transformers are clever. They're what powers Large Language Models, and despite how powerful they may appear, they have some limitations.

A key limitation is that they're feedforward and not recurrent. There are certain computations that require recurrence-- Bayesian updating and simulating automata, for instance. So how do transformers do both of these things? For Bayesian updating, they use a spectral decomposition method to turn a recurrent computation into something that's essentially feedforward. For simulating automata, they use a Krohn-Rhodes decomposition.

You may not know what these tricks are, but trust me-- they're clever mathematical tricks.

So why wouldn't the transformer use another clever mathematical trick when looking at video? If you want to understand objects rotating and translating, a powerful technique to understand what the object is separate from the orientation and position of the object is to calculate the bispectrum, a form of an autocorrelation from group theory. Why wouldn't transformer activations correlate with the bispectrum, too?
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